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What is osteoporosis?Osteoporosis is a long-term (chronic) disease which makes your bones less dense and more fragile. If you have osteoporosis, you are more likely to fracture or break a bone if you have a mild injury or minor fall. Osteoporosis can be managed with medicines to strengthen your bones, and through lifestyle changes such as how you exercise and stopping smoking. What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?The most common symptom of osteoporosis is breaking or fracturing a bone because of a mild injury, such as falling over. Other symptoms include:
What causes osteoporosis?Osteoporosis is caused by a decrease in bone density, which makes your bones more fragile and easily broken. Everyone’s bones become weaker as they age, but in some people this process happens too quickly. You are more likely to develop osteoporosis if you have risk factors for the disease. Some of the risk factors can be reduced through lifestyle changes or medications but others, such as your age, cannot be changed. Risk factors that cannot be changed include:
Risk factors that can be reduced include:
If you suffer from certain diseases, you are more likely to develop osteoporosis. These include:
Some medications can also increase your risk of developing osteoporosis, including:
You can find out more about how your risk factors affect your chance of developing osteoporosis by using the Know your Bones self-assessment tool, developed by the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Healthy Bones Australia. How is osteoporosis diagnosed?Osteoporosis is diagnosed based on your medical history, a physical examination by your doctor, and a bone mineral density test. The bone density test uses a special x-ray to look for signs that your bones are becoming weaker, and assigns you a “T-score” based on the results. If your T-score is -2.5 or less, your doctor will diagnose you with osteoporosis. The higher your T-score, the healthier your bones are. How is osteoporosis treated or managed?There is no cure for osteoporosis, but the symptoms of the disease can be managed with medicines and lifestyle changes. Depending on your age, sex and medical history, your doctor will recommend different treatments that will be able to help you. The aim of treatment is to strengthen your bones so that they are less likely to break, and to prevent falls that could damage your bones. Falls are a major source of injury in older people, and osteoporosis makes it more likely that you will be seriously injured after even a minor fall. Lifestyle changesExercise can strengthen your bones and muscles and decrease your risk of falling. Your doctor or physiotherapist can help you build a safe exercise plan which suits your needs and reduces your risk of fracturing your bones. This may include strength training, like lifting weights, and weight bearing exercises (exercise done while on your feet so you bear your own weight) like brisk walking, jogging, tennis or volleyball. Exercises that help improve your balance are useful to help avoid falling over in the future. Examples of some exercises that can help you improve your balance are:
Maintaining a healthy weight can also help you manage osteoporosis. Stopping smoking and reducing your alcoholic consumption to just 2 standard drinks a day can improve your bone strength. Reducing your likelihood of falling is also important. Consider how you might arrange your home and workplace so you are less likely to trip — for example by fixing down rugs and keeping the floor clear. Wearing sensible shoes and glasses if you need them can also help to keep you stable as your move around. MedicinesIf you have osteoporosis, you doctor may recommend medicines to strengthen your bones. These medicines can include:
Sometimes osteoporosis can be painful. Your doctor or pharmacist will be able to help you choose a pain medicine that is suitable for you. Can osteoporosis be prevented?Osteoporosis cannot be entirely prevented, but there are some things you can do to reduce your risk of developing the disease. Men over the age of 50, and post-menopausal women (those who no longer have periods ) should discuss their calcium and vitamin D levels with their doctor to check if they could benefit from more calcium or vitamin D. Your doctor may also suggest:
When should I see my doctor?If you feel concerned that you are at risk of or are experiencing osteoporosis, you should arrange to see your doctor. By treating osteoporosis early, you have the best chance of avoiding broken bones as you get older. Osteoporosis can run in families, so you should mention to your doctor if you have a close family member with the disease, or if you have ever had a bone fracture or break due to a minor injury. What are the complications of osteoporosis?Osteoporosis causes your bones to become fragile and more likely to break or fracture from even a minor injury or fall. The hip is one of the bones most likely to be affected and unfortunately, hip fractures or breaks can make it hard to walk. They can also take a long time to heal, even preventing someone from being able to continue living independently at home. Resources and supportFor more information and support, try these resources:
How does a person get osteoporosis?A lifelong lack of calcium plays a role in the development of osteoporosis. Low calcium intake contributes to diminished bone density, early bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. Eating disorders. Severely restricting food intake and being underweight weakens bone in both men and women.
What are 5 symptoms of osteoporosis?Kuchynski says, include:. Fragility-related fractures. These occur when even mild impact causes a fracture of the wrist, back, hip or other bones.. Height loss. More than two inches in height can be lost over time.. Receding gums. ... . A curved, stooped shape to the spine. ... . Lower back pain.. What are 4 symptoms of osteoporosis?The appearance of a widow's hump or a fractured wrist or hip from a fall may be the first actual symptoms of osteoporosis unless your doctor has been measuring your bone density. Men also should watch for a loss of height, change in posture or sudden back pain.
What are 5 causes of osteoporosis?Osteoporosis Causes. Diet. Your diet has a significant impact on the health of your bones. ... . Exercise. Exercise is an essential defense against osteoporosis. ... . Low Sex Hormones. When women reach menopause, their estrogen levels drop significantly. ... . Medical Conditions. ... . Medications. ... . Smoking and Alcohol.. |